An Encyclopedia of Early Civil War Virginia
While several early skirmishes and clashes claim the title of first land battle of the Civil War, only one engagement truly meets all the criteria of a traditional battle—discover which one and why it stands apart. The claim of being the site of the first land battle of the American Civil War presents a study…
Continue reading ➞ What was the First Land Battle of the Civil War?
Stories of Appalachia is an interesting podcast started in 2015. Hosts Steve Gilly and Rod Mullins discuss a variety of topics, including history and folklore from across the Eastern United States Appalachian region. A few weeks ago, they posted an episode about the Battle of Philippi. The action took place on June 3, 1861 and…
Continue reading ➞ Stories of Appalachia: Philippi, West Virginia
Welcome to version 1.3 of the Spirit of ’61 Battlelog! After doing a deep dive into the Lower Potomac Front, this edition contains a complete overhaul of narratives for all seven military actions in northeastern Virginia prior to the Battle of Bull Run, plus a few additional edits. The most exciting update was the discovery…
Fifty-eight. That’s how many days passed between the Union Army crossing the Potomac River into northeastern Virginia and the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). During those nearly two months, the Union and Confederate armies shadowboxed in that corner of Virginia, hampered by undisciplined and inexperienced soldiers while probing for enemy weaknesses. The exact number…
Photographic Portrait of Orlando B. Willcox. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Orlando Bolivar Willcox (1823–1907) was born on April 16, 1823, in Detroit, Michigan Territory. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1847. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th U.S. Artillery, Willcox served at the end…
Continue reading ➞ Thank God for Michigan: Orlando B. Willcox (1823–1907)
Though minor in comparison to the clash that would erupt at Bull Run days later, the fight at Blackburn’s Ford rattled Union confidence and emboldened Confederate troops. With McDowell now seeking another route forward, the war’s first major battle loomed just beyond the horizon. Confederate Brig. Gen. Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard arrived at Manassas Junction on…
In the tense opening days of the Civil War, a single gunshot would mark the first true casualty of battle—but whose name deserves that grim distinction? Between riots, duels, and chaotic skirmishes, the first soldier killed in action is a title claimed by many, but only one truly fits the definition. Because of its proximity…
Continue reading ➞ Who Was the First Civil War Soldier Killed in Action in Virginia?
Photographic Portrait of Daniel Ruggles. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Daniel Ruggles (1810–1897), born in Barre, Massachusetts, became one of the few New Englanders to achieve the rank of general officer in the Confederate Army. After graduating 34th in his class from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1833, he embarked…
Continue reading ➞ Daniel Ruggles: A New England General in the Confederate Ranks
As June 1861 dragged on with little progress in northeast Virginia, restless Union and Confederate troops found themselves locked in a brief but bloody skirmish near Alexandria. A late-night clash between Pennsylvania infantry and Southern cavalry left men dead on both sides, yet did nothing to alter the course of the campaign. June 1861 passed…
Continue reading ➞ In the Shadow of Shuter’s Hill: A Deadly Night on the Picket Line
This unfinished pencil drawing by famed artist Alfred Rudolph Waud (1828-1891) depicts Fort Ellsworth on Shuter’s (or Shooter’s) Hill, west of Alexandria in late June / early July 1861. Illustration has been enhanced to show details. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Click on the image to expand. The illustration is titled, Earthwork fort…
Continue reading ➞ Earthwork Fort at Alexandria Protecting the Left of the Line of the Grand Army
Spirit of '61 